Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Pressure and Boiling Point
| The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boiling point also
changes. |
| For example, water boils at a lower temperature the lower
the pressure. |
| The vapor pressure curves for water and refrigerant R134a
show that, at constant pressure, reducing the temperature
changes vapor to liquid (in the condenser) or that reducing the
pressure causes the refrigerant to change from liquid to vapor
(evaporator). |
|
|
|
| Vapor pressure curve of water |
| C - |
Vapor pressure curve of water |
| 1 - |
Pressure acting on liquid in bar (psi) |
| 2 - |
Temperature in °C (°F) |
|
|
|
| Vapor pressure curve of refrigerant R134a |
| D - |
Vapor pressure curve of refrigerant R134a |
| 1 - |
Pressure acting on liquid in bar (psi) |
| 2 - |
Temperature in °C (°F) |
|
|
|
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -
gaseous (invisible)
2&n ...
The vapor pressure table for every refrigerant is published
in literature for refrigeration system engineers. This table
makes it possible to determine the vapor pres ...
Other materials:
Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor without Valve, Removing and Installing,
Vehicle Before Customer Delivery
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Torque Wrench -VAG1410-
Perform the Following:
Removing
–
Remove the tire from the disc wheel.
&nb ...
Warning and indicator lamps
The warning and indicator lamps indicate various warnings , faults or certain
functions. Some warning and indicator lamps light up when the ignition is
switched on and should go out once the engine is running or the vehicle is in
motion.
Depending on the vehicle's equipment level, additional ...
Tread Depth, Measuring
Note
When measuring tread depth, take measurements in the main
grooves.
Do not take measurements at the tread wear indicator.
Tread depth of a tire must be mea ...
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Physical Principles
Refrigerant R134a Vapor Pressure Table