Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual / Refrrigerant R134a Servicing / A/C System, General Information / A/C Technology Basic Principles / Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.

1 -	gaseous (invisible)

2 -

vapor

3 -

fluid

4 -

solid

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.

A -	Heat absorption

B -	Heat emission

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.

A/C Technology Basic Principles

...

Pressure and Boiling Point

The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects: → Preparing for a journey and driving safely → Driving abroad → Driving through water on roads Depending on where the vehicle is used, it could be a good idea to have an engine and transmission guard insta ...

Replacing Reservoir, No Contaminants, No Loss of Refrigerant
Discharge the refrigerant circuit. – Replace the restrictor depending on the vehicle. – Remove receiver or accumulator. – Remove dirt from receiver or res ...

Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 10
Definition: Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 10-, black Edition 02/2014 Product Description Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 10- (black) is a water-soluble stone chip pro ...