VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
...

Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Side view
Fig. 1 Overview of the right side of the vehicle Positions ③, ④, ⑤ and ⑤ are also at the same position on the left side of the vehicle. Key for : Tank flap Roof aerial Attachment points for the mounts and roof carrier Door release lever Exterior mirrors Jacking p ...

Two-Part Wash Primer
Definition: Two-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 230 M1-, olive green (250 ml) Edition 12/2013 Product Description The Two-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 230 M1- is a zinc chromate-free, ...

Inspecting Tires
Because tire damage can have serious consequences, the technician and the driver should regularly check the tires, as it is the best form of early problem recognition. Pre-damaged tires cannot withstand driving situations like high vehic ...

© 2016-2025 Copyright www.vwpolo.net