Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Stopping the engine
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The steps should only be carried out in the specified order.
1.
The vehicle must be completely stationary .
2.
Press the brake pedal. Keep ...
Switching the TCS on and off
Fig. 116 In the centre console: button
for switching the TCS on and off manually
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The electronic stability control (ESC) only
functions when the engine is running. It consists of ABS, EDL and TCS.
When the engine is r ...
Evaporator
Caution
Non-approved tools or materials such as leak sealing
additives can cause damage or malfunctions in the
system.
Only use tools and materials approved by the
manufactu ...
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