Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Valve, Removing and Installing, Rubber Valve
Make sure wheel rim is clean.
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Using the Valve Fitting Tool Valve Fitting Tool -VAS6459--1-,
insert a new tire valve.
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Remove the valve insert.
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Underseal
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe underside of the vehicle is coated to protect it from
corrosion and damage. The protective coating on the underside of the vehicle could
be damaged when driving. Volkswagen therefore recommends that the protective coati ...
Switching the TCS on and off
Fig. 116 In the centre console: button
for switching the TCS on and off manually
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The electronic stability control (ESC) only
functions when the engine is running. It consists of ABS, EDL and TCS.
When the engine is r ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point