Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
A/C Service Station, Emptying
Caution
If it is suspected that chemicals were added to the
refrigerant circuit to seal leaks, do not connect the
A/C service station and do not extract the refrigerant.
...
Vehicle lifting points
Fig. 150 Lifting points at front for the
lifting platform or vehicle jack
Fig. 151 Lifting points at rear for the
lifting platform or vehicle jack
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe vehicle may only be lifted at the points shown in
the illustration ...
Automatic belt
retractor, belt tensioner, belt tension limiter
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The seat belts in the vehicle are part of the vehicle safety concept and include
the following important functions:
Automatic belt retractor
The seat belts on the driver seat and front passenger seat, as well as those
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point