Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Permitted Tread Depth - Variance
For all four wheels use only tires of the same construction
type, and tread.
Always use tires with the deepest tread depth on the front
axle.
Replacing one individual tire is always possible. The
vehicl ...
AGM Battery
Maintenance-Free Battery with Specific Electrolyte without a
Visual Indicator
Lead-acid battery, where the electrolyte is fixed in an
absorbent glass mat (AGM). The battery is closed and equipped
with breather valves.
...
Tires with Rim Protector
The tire industry produces tires with rim protector for
light alloy wheels (rim protector). The rim protector prevents
damage to the light alloy wheels caused by contact with curbs.
Using tires with rim protector on steel wheels with wheel
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point