Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Side view
Fig. 1 Overview of the right side of
the vehicle Positions ③, ④, ⑤ and ⑤ are also at the same position on the left
side of the vehicle.
Key for :
Tank flap
Roof aerial
Attachment points for the mounts and
roof carrier
Door release lever
Exterior mirrors
Jacking p ...
Two-Part Wash Primer
Definition:
Two-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 230 M1-, olive green (250 ml)
Edition 12/2013
Product Description
The Two-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 230 M1- is a zinc
chromate-free, ...
Inspecting Tires
Because tire damage can have serious consequences, the
technician and the driver should regularly check the tires, as
it is the best form of early problem recognition.
Pre-damaged tires cannot withstand driving situations like
high vehic ...
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