Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Warning lamp
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Lit up
Possible cause
Solution
Fault in the alternator.
Go to a qualified workshop. The electrical system should
be checked.
Switch off all electrical ...
Extraction and Charging System Safety Regulations
Make sure the shut-off valves are closed before connecting
the charging system to the air conditioning system.
Make sure the process is finished before disconnecting the
charging system from the A/C system. This prevents any
refrig ...
Cigarette lighter
Fig. 105 In the front centre console:
cigarette lighter
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
With the ignition switched on, press in the knob on the cigarette lighter
.
Wait for the lighter to pop out.
Pull out the cigarette lighter and li ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point