VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
...

Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Winter tyres
First read and observe the introductory information and safety warningsIn winter road conditions, winter tyres will considerably improve the car's handling. The design of summer tyres (width, rubber compound, tread pattern) gives less grip on ice and snow. Volkswagen urgently recommends the ...

Two-Part HS Clear Coat
Definition: Two-Part HS Clear Coat -L2K 769 500 A5- Edition 10/2012 Product Description Two-part HS clear coat is a VOC compliant, high-quality high solid clear coat. ...

Repairs and technical modifications
First read and observe the introductory information and safety warningsRepairs and modifications must always be carried out according to Volkswagen specifications . Unauthorised modifications to the electronic components or software in the vehicle may cause faults. As the electronic componen ...

© 2016-2024 Copyright www.vwpolo.net