Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Run-Flat System PAX, Examining Support Ring
As with the tire, the supporting ring is generally not
replaced after driving with flat tire.
Replace the support ring if the following damages have
occurred:
Blowouts or mis ...
Fastening rings
Fig. 88 In the luggage compartment: fastening
rings
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
You will find fastening rings at the front and rear of the luggage compartment
which can be used to secure luggage (arrow).
WARNING
Unsuitable or damaged securing s ...
Wheel, Balancing, Tire and Wheel Radial and Lateral Run-Out, Checking
Before beginning balancing, the following requirements must
be fulfilled.
The tire pressure must be OK.
The tire profile must not be worn on one side. The tire
profile must be at least 4 mm.
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Pressure and Boiling Point