Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Refrigerant in A/C Service station Container, Filling
Caution
If it is suspected that chemicals were added to the
refrigerant circuit to seal leaks, do not connect the
A/C service station and do not extract the refrigerant.
...
Airbag and Belt Tensioner Wire Repair Information
Note
Observe general notes for repairs on the vehicle electrical
system. Refer to
→ Chapter „Vehicle Electrical System, General Repair
Information“.
In addition to the general repairs on wiring harnesses, th ...
Interior mirror
Fig. 78 Manual anti-dazzle interior mirror
Fig. 79 Automatic anti-dazzle interior
mirror
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The driver must adjust the interior mirror so that they can see clearly through
the rear window.
The driver’s rear view may ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point