Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Primary Lock
The primary lock is the locking mechanism of an individual
crimp contact in the contact housing.
If necessary, housing securing mechanisms (secondary locks)
must be released or removed using specified tool before
releasing the contacts. ...
Stowing items of luggage
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Always stow all items of luggage in the vehicle securely.
Distribute items in the vehicle, on the roof and on the trailer as evenly
as possible.
Place heavy objects as far forward in the luggage compartment as po ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Washing the vehicle
→ Washing the vehicle with a high-pressure cleaner
→ Cleaning windows and exterior mirrors
→ Cleaning and changing windscreen wiper blades
→ Waxing and polishing the ve ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point