Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Winter tyres
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsIn winter road conditions, winter tyres will considerably
improve the car's handling. The design of summer tyres (width, rubber compound,
tread pattern) gives less grip on ice and snow. Volkswagen urgently recommends the
...
Pressures, Checking
Note
Check cooling performance. The A/C system is functioning
correctly when the air flowing from the instrument panel vents
has a temperature of 70C or lower.
Setting on Climatronic “LO”.
...
Suction Feed Spray Gun -VAG1538
Definition:
Suction Feed Spray Gun -VAG 1538-
Product Description:
For the retroactive sealing of cavities in all new and used
cars, as well as for applying underbody protection materials.
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point