Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Vents
Fig. 128 In the dash panel: vents
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The vents should be left
open to ensure that the vehicle interior is sufficiently heated, ventilated and
cooled.
Turn the relevant thumb wheel (magnified view) in the required ...
Warning and indicator lamps
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Lit up
Possible cause
Solution
Engine oil level is too low.
Switch off the engine. Check the engine oil level .
Fl ...
Airbag and Belt Tensioner Wire Repair Information
Note
Observe general notes for repairs on the vehicle electrical
system. Refer to
→ Chapter „Vehicle Electrical System, General Repair
Information“.
In addition to the general repairs on wiring harnesses, th ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point