Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Tyre damage
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsDamage to tyres and rims is often not readily visible.
Any unusual vibrations or signs that the car is pulling
to one side may indicate that one of the tyres is damaged .
Reduce your speed immediately if you suspect th ...
Locking the front passenger door and rear doors manually
Fig. 156 In the end face of the
right-hand door: manual lock covered by a rubber seal
Fig. 157 Manually locking the
vehicle with the vehicle key
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
If the vehicle has a lock cylinder in the door handle of the front passe ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Indicator lamps
→ Turn signal and main beam lever
→ Switching lights on and off
→ Lights and vision – functions
→ Masking or switching over headlights for driving abroad (travel mode)
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point