Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Pressure Gauge, Tests and Measurements
Indicators on pressure gauge
1 -
Temperature scale for refrigerant R134a CF3–CH2F or
CH2F–CF3.
2 -
Pressure scale
The pressure gauge may have one or more temperature s ...
Wire Break with Single Repair Point
Repair point with single crimp connection
–
Free up wire intended for repair (approximately 20 cm to
both sides of repair point).
–
If required, remove wiring harness wrapping using a folding
...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects: → Indicator
lamp for the tyre monitoring system
→ Tyre Pressure Loss Indicator
Additional information and warnings:
Volkswagen information system
Transporting items
Braking, stopping and p ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point