Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Refrigerant Oil
Refrigerant oil mixes with the refrigerant (about 20 - 40%,
depending on compressor type and amount of refrigerant) and
circulates constantly in the system, lubricating the moving
parts.
Special synthetic refrigerant oils, for example,
...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Operating ParkPilot
→ Acoustic and optical ParkPilot signals at the rear of the vehicle
The ParkPilot assists the driver when manoeuvring and parking.
The ultrasound sensors in the rear bumper transmit and recei ...
Working on Airbag System
WARNING
When working on the airbag system (pyrotechnic
components, Airbag Control Module -J234-, wiring), the
ground cable must be disconnected with the ignition
switched on.
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Pressure and Boiling Point