Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Tire Sidewall Swelling
A swelling in the flank of the tire indicates that the
substructure of the carcass has been damaged.
Typical causes for such damage include, for example, driving
over curbs at a sharp angle.
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Air recirculation mode
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings General notes
There are different types of air recirculation, depending on the level
of equipment:
Air
recirculation mode (heating and fresh air system, air cond ...
Current Draw Test
WARNING
Batteries that have a light yellow visual indicator
do not have to be tested or charged. Jump starting must
not be used!
There is a risk of explosion during testing,
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Pressure and Boiling Point