Tires, Rolling Noises, General InformationTire Sidewall Swelling
A swelling in the flank of the tire indicates that the
substructure of the carcass has been damaged.
Typical causes for such damage include, for example, driving
over curbs at a sharp angle.
...
Special Tools
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Torque Wrench 1331 5-50Nm -VAG1331-
Crimping Pliers, Complete -VAS1978/1A-
...
Taper
Taper is caused by slightly offsetting the tread and/or the
belt by a few tenths of a millimeter from the geometric center
of the tire. Taper cannot be recognized visually nor can it be
measured with workshop equipment.
...