Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Charge Factor
A vessel must have space for vapor as well as liquid. As the
temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space filled with
vapor decreases. At a certain point, there will only be liquid
in the vessel. Beyond this, even a slight increase in
temperature causes high pressure to build up in the vessel as
the liquid tries to continue expanding even though there is not
enough space for it. The forces that result are strong enough to
rupture the vessel. To prevent a vessel from being overfilled,
the regulations regarding compressed gasses specify how many
kilograms of refrigerant that may be added to a vessel per liter
of interior volume. The product of multiplying this charge
factor by the internal volume of the vessel is the permissible
capacity. The figure for refrigerant used in vehicles is 1.15
kg/liter. |
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Evidence of Leaks
External damage, for example, can cause a leak in the
refrigerant circuit. The small quantity of refrigerant escaping
from minor leaks can be detected for example using an electronic
leak detector or by introducing a leak detection additive into
the refrigerant circuit. Electronic leak detectors are capable
of registering leaks with refrigerant losses of less than 5 g
per year. Use leak detectors designed for the type of
refrigerant. For example, a leak detector for R12 refrigerant
will not work with R134a because R134a refrigerant has no
chlorine atoms so the leak detector will not respond to it. |
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Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid
refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapor and water
vapor mix in any ratio.
Only ...
Refrigerant oil mixes with the refrigerant (about 20 - 40%,
depending on compressor type and amount of refrigerant) and
circulates constantly in the system, lubricati ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Indicator lamps
→ Turn signal and main beam lever
→ Switching lights on and off
→ Lights and vision – functions
→ Masking or switching over headlights for driving abroad (travel mode)
...
Sun visors
Fig. 70 Sun visor
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Various positions for the driver and front passenger sun visors:
Folded down over the windscreen.
Pulled out of the bracket and swung over towards the door .
Vanity mirror light
There is a v ...
Electrically-Driven A/C Compressor for High Voltage System
Caution
Non-approved tools or materials such as leak sealing
additives can cause damage or malfunctions in the
system.
Only use tools and materials approved by the
manufactu ...
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