Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Charge Factor
A vessel must have space for vapor as well as liquid. As the
temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space filled with
vapor decreases. At a certain point, there will only be liquid
in the vessel. Beyond this, even a slight increase in
temperature causes high pressure to build up in the vessel as
the liquid tries to continue expanding even though there is not
enough space for it. The forces that result are strong enough to
rupture the vessel. To prevent a vessel from being overfilled,
the regulations regarding compressed gasses specify how many
kilograms of refrigerant that may be added to a vessel per liter
of interior volume. The product of multiplying this charge
factor by the internal volume of the vessel is the permissible
capacity. The figure for refrigerant used in vehicles is 1.15
kg/liter. |
|
|
|
Evidence of Leaks
External damage, for example, can cause a leak in the
refrigerant circuit. The small quantity of refrigerant escaping
from minor leaks can be detected for example using an electronic
leak detector or by introducing a leak detection additive into
the refrigerant circuit. Electronic leak detectors are capable
of registering leaks with refrigerant losses of less than 5 g
per year. Use leak detectors designed for the type of
refrigerant. For example, a leak detector for R12 refrigerant
will not work with R134a because R134a refrigerant has no
chlorine atoms so the leak detector will not respond to it. |
|
|
|
Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid
refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapor and water
vapor mix in any ratio.
Only ...
Refrigerant oil mixes with the refrigerant (about 20 - 40%,
depending on compressor type and amount of refrigerant) and
circulates constantly in the system, lubricati ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Operating ParkPilot
→ Acoustic and optical ParkPilot signals at the rear of the vehicle
The ParkPilot assists the driver when manoeuvring and parking.
The ultrasound sensors in the rear bumper transmit and recei ...
Tire Wear, Center
This wear pattern is found on drive wheels on high-powered
vehicles that often drive long stretches at high speed.
At high speeds, the centrifugal force increases the tire
diameter at the center of the tread more than at the shoulders
of ...
Corrective Action When Vehicle Pulls to One Side
Test Conditions Before and During the Road Test
–
Check all suspension components on front and rear axle for
damage.
–
Check tire pressure and correct if necessary.
– ...
© 2016-2025 Copyright www.vwpolo.net
