Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Checklist
In some countries, special safety standards and emissions-related
legislation apply that may differ form the construction of the vehicle, Volkswagen
recommends that you visit your Volkswagen dealership before travelling abroad
to find out about any legal requirements and the following is ...
Service Test, Performing
Note
The printed test results can differ depending on the
software version.
Read the Battery Tester -VAS6161- Operating Instructions.
WARNING
Do not ch ...
Tire Service Life, Influences
The following factors influence the service life of a tire
in varying degrees.
Driving style:
Speed
Brakes
Acceleration
Cornering
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point