Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as refrigerant.
The refrigerant employed is tetrafluoroethane R134a, which
bo ...
Introduction
When the outside temperature is low, the display in the instrument cluster
may take slightly longer to appear than it does when the outside temperatures is
higher.
Additional information and warnings:
Warning and indicator lamps
Volkswagen information system
Selected gear di ...
Service Test, Performing
Note
The printed test results can differ depending on the
software version.
Read the Battery Tester -VAS6161- Operating Instructions.
WARNING
Do not ch ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point