Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Indicator lamp
→ Windscreen wiper lever
→ Windscreen wiper functions
→ Service position for the front windscreen wipers
→ Rain/light sensor
→ Checking and refilling the windscree ...
Warning and indicator lamps
The warning and indicator lamps indicate various warnings , faults or certain
functions. Some warning and indicator lamps light up when the ignition is
switched on and should go out once the engine is running or the vehicle is in
motion.
Depending on the vehicle's equipment level, additional ...
Tires and Rims, Matching
If necessary repair flat spots from standing. Refer to
→ Chapter „Flat Spots, Correcting“.
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Dismount the tire. Refer to
→ Chapter „Tires, Dismounting“.
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Turn the ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point