VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
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Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Tire Service Life, Influences
The following factors influence the service life of a tire in varying degrees. Driving style: Speed Brakes Acceleration Cornering ...

Factory Paint Paint Structure
Structure of a Solid-Color Paint System, Conventional Approximately 80-120 µm thick 1 -  Steel Panel 2 -  Zinc Phosphate Coating 3 -  Electr ...

Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 05
Definition: Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 05-, black Edition 04/2009 Product Description Stone Chip Protection -AKR 311 KD1 05- is a finely atomizing coating material wi ...

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