Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Variable luggage compartment floor
Fig. 86 A: variable luggage compartment
floor folded up and secured; B: expanding luggage compartment to front
Fig. 87 C: extending the luggage compartment
down; D: setting the maximum luggage space
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The luggage compar ...
Improvised Tools
Note
This list outlines the testers, tools and materials required
for expert refrigerant circuit repair work.
Caution
Non-approved tools or materials such as leak sealing
additiv ...
Removing and fitting head restraints
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Every seat is fitted with a head restraint. The centre rear head restraint is
designed solely for use with the centre rear seat. This head restraint should therefore
not be installed in any of the other positions.
Remov ...
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