Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
|
|
|
| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
|
|
|
Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
|
|
|
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamps
→ Handbrake
→ Parking
→ Information on the brakes
→ Brake support systems
→ Switching the TCS on and off
→ Brake flu ...
Checklist
Never carry out any work on the engine or in the engine compartment
if you are not familiar with the requisite procedures and general safety requirements,
or if you only have access to incorrect operating equipment, service fluids,
and unsuitable tools . The work should be carried ou ...
Wires with Cross Section up to 0.35 mm 2,
Repairing
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Crimping Pliers - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1A-
Wiring Harness Repair - Crimping Head - .35-2.5mm
-VAS1978/1-1-
When repairing wires with a cross- ...
© 2016-2026 Copyright www.vwpolo.net
Pressure and Boiling Point