Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Using the menus in the instrument cluster
Fig. 13 Vehicles without multifunction
steering wheel: press button ① in the windscreen wiper lever to confirm the menu
point and rocker switch ② to change the menu
Fig. 14 Vehicles with multifunction
steering wheel: control buttons for menus in the instrument cluster
First read and ob ...
Maintenance Test, Performing
WARNING
Do not check or charge batteries that have a visual
indicator that is bright yellow. Jump starting must not
be used!
There is a risk of explosion during testing,
cha ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Seat heating
Additional information and warnings:
Adjusting the seat position
Seat belts
Airbag system
Child seats (accessories)
Exterior mirrors
Luggage compartment
WARNING
Incorrec ...
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