Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Information stickers and plates
→ Using the vehicle in other countries and continents
→ Radio reception and aerials
→ Volkswagen repair information
→ Declaration of conformity
→ ...
Pressure Gauge, Tests and Measurements
Indicators on pressure gauge
1 -
Temperature scale for refrigerant R134a CF3–CH2F or
CH2F–CF3.
2 -
Pressure scale
The pressure gauge may have one or more temperature s ...
Drink holders in the centre console
Fig. 102 In the front centre console:
drink holders
Fig. 103 Drink holder in the rear centre
console: folding out the drink holder
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Opening and closing the rear drink holder
To open, fold the drink holder down in the ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point