Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Dimensions
Fig. 17 Dimensions
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The data in the table apply to the most basic German model.
The specified values can vary due to different tyre and wheel sizes, if additional
equipment is fitted, for different model versions, for ret ...
Refrigerant Circuit
A/C System Repair Information
An A/C system made for refrigerant R12 must not be filled
with refrigerant R134a without making modifications to the
refrigerant circuit. Refer to
→ Chapter „Refrigerant Circuit, Converting R12 to R134a and
Ser ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Indicator lamps
→ Turn signal and main beam lever
→ Switching lights on and off
→ Lights and vision – functions
→ Masking or switching over headlights for driving abroad (travel mode)
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point