Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Socket in the vehicle
Electrical equipment can be connected to the socket in the vehicle.
The devices connected must be in good condition and fault-free.
Additional information and warnings:
Cigarette lighter
Acce ...
Vibration, Road Test, Performing Before Balancing
If a vehicle comes to the workshop with the complaint
“vibration”, a road test must be performed before balancing the
wheels.
That way, information about the type of vibration can be
obtained.
Obser ...
Overview of the driver side
Fig. 5 Overview of the driver side
(left-hand drive vehicles)
Fig. 6 Overview of the driver side
(right-hand drive vehicles)
Key for and :
Vent
,
Lever for:
Main beam headlights
Headlight flasher
Turn signal
Parking lig ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point