Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Catalytic converter
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe catalytic converter is used for exhaust gas post-treatment
and helps to reduce exhaust emissions. To help ensure long-term functionality in
the exhaust system and the catalytic converter:
Use unleaded petrol only.
...
Stowage compartments in the front centre console
Fig. 94 In the centre console: stowage
compartment at the front
Fig. 95 In the centre console: stowage
compartment next to the handbrake lever
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
There is an open stowage compartment with lighting in the front centre con ...
Releasing and Disassembly Contact Housings, General Information
Note
Observe general notes for repairs on the vehicle electrical
system. Refer to
→ Chapter „Vehicle Electrical System, General Repair
Information“.
Always use the release tools intended for the ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point