Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamps
→ Information on steering
Additional information and warnings:
Starting and stopping the engine
Battery
Tow-starting and towing
WARNING
The steeri ...
Turn signal and main beam lever
Fig. 67 Turn signal and main beam lever
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Move the turn signal and main beam lever to the desired position:
Right turn signal . When the ignition is
switched off, right parking light .
Left turn signal . When the ...
Mounting Damage
Bundle broken during tire inflation.
Modern radial car tires are mounted only on safety rims.
These have a hump -1- running along
the shoulders.
1 -
Hump (H2)
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point