Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
|
|
|
| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
|
|
|
Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
|
|
|
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Indicator lamps
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Indicator lamps in the instrument cluster
Lit up
Possible cause
Solution
Vehicle lighting not working partially or completely.
Change the corresponding bulb or
If al ...
Wheel, Balancing on Stationary Balancing Machine
Before beginning balancing, the following requirements must
be fulfilled.
The tire pressure must be OK.
The tire profile must not be worn on one side. The tire
profile must be at least 4 mm.
...
Centre armrest
Fig. 42 Front centre armrest
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
To lift, pull the centre armrest up gradually in the direction of the
arrow .
To lower, pull the centre armrest all the way up. Then lower the centre
armrest.
WARNING
The centre armrest ...
© 2016-2026 Copyright www.vwpolo.net
Pressure and Boiling Point