Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Wiring Eyelets, Repairing
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Torque Wrench 1331 5-50Nm -VAG1331-
Note
Do not use rust remover, contact spray or grease because the
lack of friction will cause the torque to be ...
Odor from Evaporator or Heat Exchanger?
Fishy smell
–
From leak at cooling system of engine or of A/C system
heater core.
Note
If the fishy smell gets weaker when the temperature is set
to “cold” and stronger when i ...
Battery, Testing using Midtronics Battery Tester -MCR340VKT
Requirements
WARNING
Read and follow the Safety Precautions when working
with batteries. Refer to
→ Chapter „Warnings and Safety Precautions“.
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point