Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Flushing Circuit Block Diagrams
Note
The arrows in the following illustrations show the direction
of refrigerant flow while flushing. During flushing, refrigerant
flows in the opposite direction than during A/C system
operation, therefore the high pressure side of A/C se ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Securing mounts, roof bars or load carrying system
→ Loading the load carrier system The roof of the vehicle has been designed
for optimum aerodynamic effect. Therefore, conventional mounts or other load carrier
sy ...
Two-Part HS Hardener
Definition:
Two-Part HS Hardener -LHA 009 041 A3-
Two-Part HS Hardener, Short -LHA 021 004 A3-
Two-Part HS Hardener, Extra Short -LHA 009 046 A2-
Two-Part HS Hard ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point