VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
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Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:  → Information stickers and plates  → Using the vehicle in other countries and continents  → Radio reception and aerials  → Volkswagen repair information  → Declaration of conformity  → ...

Pressure Gauge, Tests and Measurements
Indicators on pressure gauge 1 -  Temperature scale for refrigerant R134a CF3–CH2F or CH2F–CF3. 2 -  Pressure scale The pressure gauge may have one or more temperature s ...

Drink holders in the centre console
Fig. 102 In the front centre console: drink holders Fig. 103 Drink holder in the rear centre console: folding out the drink holder First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings Opening and closing the rear drink holder To open, fold the drink holder down in the ...

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