Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Overview - Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor without Valve
1 -
Valve Cap
2 -
Nut
Individual component of -item 7-
→ Item
Tightening specification. Refer to
→ Anchor.
Always replace if removed
3 -
W ...
Unlocking the selector lever lock manually
Fig. 159 Removing the cover of the
gearshift gate (left-hand drive) The controls are mirrored in right-hand drive
vehicles
Fig. 160 Unlocking the selector
lever lock manually
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
If the power fails in the vehicle (for ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Preparing for a journey and driving safely
→ Driving abroad
→ Driving through water on roads
Depending on where the vehicle is used, it could be a good idea to have an engine
and transmission guard insta ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point