Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual / Refrrigerant R134a Servicing / A/C System, General Information / A/C Technology Basic Principles / Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.

1 -	gaseous (invisible)

2 -

vapor

3 -

fluid

4 -

solid

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.

A -	Heat absorption

B -	Heat emission

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.

A/C Technology Basic Principles

...

Pressure and Boiling Point

The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Release Tool Set -VAS1978/35
The Release Tool Set -VAS1978/35- is used to release the various primary and secondary locking mechanisms on VW-group vehicles. The set consists of 26 different tools which can be used to professionally release or assemble e.g. round connector systems, f ...

Battery Test, Performing using Battery Tester -VAS6161
Special tools and workshop equipment required Battery Tester -VAS6161- WARNING Risk of injury. Follow all Warnings and Safety Precautions. Refer to →& ...

Recycling and scrapping end-of-life vehicles
First read and observe the introductory information and safety warningsRecycling end-of-life vehicles Volkswagen has already made provision for you to recycle your vehicle in an environmentally responsible manner. The recycling system operating in many European countries will take back your v ...