Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Refrigerant Circuit, Flushing
Note
For vehicles in which no adapters fit on to the refrigerant
pipes, for example, a blower pistol with rubber mouthpiece is to
be used to blow through individual components. Special care must
be taken not to damage the connections (crus ...
Foreword
Foreword
(Edition 10.2014)
The content of this guide has been divided into two section.
The first section contains information and important tips
about “towing a trailer”. For example, technical requ ...
Fitting the front towing eye
Fig. 193 In bumper at front right:
depiction of variants for screwing in towing eye
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
The towing eye is screwed into a threaded hole behind a cover on the right of
the front bumper .
The towing eye must always be kept i ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point