Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Tire Sealant, Expiration Date
Tire sealant in the bottle has a limited storage life.
Therefore, the expiration date is indicated on the bottle
-arrow-.
Replace tire sealant when minimum shelf life date has been
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4-Pin Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), Removing and Installing
Note
Do not repair the heated oxygen sensor wires. Repairing may
result in malfunctions.
Use the faulty sensor as a guide for installing all of the
accompanying attachments, cable ties or marking bands.
...
Changing bulbs in the front headlights (halogen H7)
Fig. 180 Rear view of the
right-hand H7 front headlight: dipped beam ①, turn signal ②, and main beam and
side light ③
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
The actions should only be carried out in the speci ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point