Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Contacts in Contact Housing, Repairing
First, open or release if necessary the secondary lock of
the contact housing. Refer to
→ Chapter „Contact Housings, Releasing and Disassembling“.
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Release contact (primary ...
Using a mobile telephone in the vehicle without a connection to the external
aerial
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsBoth during telephone calls and in standby mode, mobile
telephones transmit and receive radio waves, which may also be termed "high-frequency
energy". Current scientific literature warns us that radio waves can be harmful
...
Correct sitting position
Fig. 35 There must be a distance Ⓐ of
at least 25 cm between the driver and the steering wheel.
Fig. 36 Correct seat belt routing and
head restraint adjustment
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The following details the correct sitting positions for ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point