Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Checklist
The following actions must always be carried out in the given
order in preparation for changing the wheel :
In the event of a flat tyre, park
your vehicle on a firm and level surface at a safe distance from the flow of
traffic.
Apply the handbrake firmly Braking,
stopping an ...
Wheel Bolts, Anti-Theft Wheel Bolt
Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts
1 -
Anti-theft wheel bolts
2 -
Cap
3 -
Wheel bolt adapter
Wheel Bolts, Master Sets for Anti ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamps
→ Handbrake
→ Parking
→ Information on the brakes
→ Brake support systems
→ Switching the TCS on and off
→ Brake flu ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point