Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Drawers
Fig. 100 In the front seat: drawer
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
There may be a drawer under each of the front seats.
Opening or closing the drawer
To open press the button in the drawer grip (arrow) and open the drawer.
To close, push the drawer u ...
Refrigerant Circuit Pressures and Temperatures
WARNING
When performing work on refrigerant circuit, observe
all generally applicable safety precautions and pressure
vessel regulations.
The pressures and temperatures in ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Ignition lock
→ Starting the engine
→ Stopping the engine
→ Electronic immobilizer
Notes in this chapter concerning the automatic gearbox are applicable
both for the automatic gearbo ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point