VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
...

Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

One-Part Wash Primer
Definition: One-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 106 M2-, light gray One-Part Wash Primer -LLS MAX 107 M2-, dark gray Edition 03/2013 Product Description The ...

Parking Aid Sensor, Painting
The following parameters must be met when painting to avoid malfunctions in the parking aid sensor (parking aid system): New Part, Painting Maximum coat thickness 125 µm; the coat thickness must always be measured ...

Checking the electrolyte level of the vehicle battery
Fig. 141 In the engine compartment: removing the vehicle battery cover First read and observe the introductory information and safety warningsThe electrolyte level of the vehicle battery should be checked regularly in high-mileage vehicles, in hot countries and in older vehicle batteries. ...

© 2016-2023 Copyright www.vwpolo.net