Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Information on steering
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The steering should be locked every time
you leave the vehicle to make it more difficult for the vehicle to be stolen.
Mechanical steering column lock
Activating the steering lock
Deactiv ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamps
→ Handbrake
→ Parking
→ Information on the brakes
→ Brake support systems
→ Switching the TCS on and off
→ Brake flu ...
Changing a wheel
Fig. 170 Changing the wheel:
removing the wheel bolts with the screwdriver handle
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
Removing the wheel
Read the checklist .
Loosen the wheel bolts .
Jack up the vehicle .
Using the hexagonal socket ...
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