Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Warning lamp
Fig. 44 Warning lamp in the instrument
cluster
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Lights up or flashes
Possible cause
Solution
The driver seat belt and, if the front passenger seat
is occupied, the fr ...
Frequently asked questions
If you suspect that there is a fault in the vehicle or if your vehicle has
been damaged, read and observe the following information before
contacting a Volkswagen dealership or qualified workshop. You may also find
useful information in the index under the headings Things to note or Checklist. ...
Service position for the front windscreen wipers
Fig. 74 Wiper blades in service position
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The windscreen wiper arms can be lifted off the windscreen when in the service
position . Carry out the following steps to move the windscreen wipers to the service
position:
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