Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Charge Factor
A vessel must have space for vapor as well as liquid. As the
temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space filled with
vapor decreases. At a certain point, there will only be liquid
in the vessel. Beyond this, even a slight increase in
temperature causes high pressure to build up in the vessel as
the liquid tries to continue expanding even though there is not
enough space for it. The forces that result are strong enough to
rupture the vessel. To prevent a vessel from being overfilled,
the regulations regarding compressed gasses specify how many
kilograms of refrigerant that may be added to a vessel per liter
of interior volume. The product of multiplying this charge
factor by the internal volume of the vessel is the permissible
capacity. The figure for refrigerant used in vehicles is 1.15
kg/liter. |
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Evidence of Leaks
External damage, for example, can cause a leak in the
refrigerant circuit. The small quantity of refrigerant escaping
from minor leaks can be detected for example using an electronic
leak detector or by introducing a leak detection additive into
the refrigerant circuit. Electronic leak detectors are capable
of registering leaks with refrigerant losses of less than 5 g
per year. Use leak detectors designed for the type of
refrigerant. For example, a leak detector for R12 refrigerant
will not work with R134a because R134a refrigerant has no
chlorine atoms so the leak detector will not respond to it. |
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Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid
refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapor and water
vapor mix in any ratio.
Only ...
Refrigerant oil mixes with the refrigerant (about 20 - 40%,
depending on compressor type and amount of refrigerant) and
circulates constantly in the system, lubricati ...
Other materials:
Rims
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe design of the wheel bolts is matched to the rims.
If different rims are fitted, the correct wheel bolts with the right length and
correctly shaped bolt heads must be used. This ensures that wheels are fitted securely
...
Changing engine oil
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe engine oil must be changed regularly in accordance
with the data given in the service schedule.
The engine oil and filter should always be changed, and used oil disposed of,
by a qualified workshop due to the special ...
Run-Flat Tire, Retrofitting/Conditions for use of Run-Flat Tires
Caution
Using run-flat tires on vehicles is permitted only
if the run-flat tire is supplied with the vehicle either
as standard equipment or as an option.
Because pressure ...
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