Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamp  
→ Pedals  
→ Manual gearbox: selecting a gear  
→ Automatic gearbox: selecting a gear  
→ Changing gear using Tiptronic  
→ Driving with an ...
Indicator lamps and fuel gauge
Fig. 129 In the instrument cluster: Variants
A and B: fuel gauges for petrol and diesel. Variant C: fuel gauge for autogas
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings 
Lit up
Needle position 
Possible cause †...
Increasing Temperature Due To Low Tire Pressure
The diagram shows the temperature behavior of a tire at
speed of 180 km/h (111.84 mph).
A -
Normal range: when maintaining the specified tire pressure,
the temperature remains stable.
B -
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point