Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Brush Grinder Set -VAS6776
Definition:
Brush Grinder Set -VAS6776-
Product Description:
The device is used to clean surfaces and remove corrosion in
hard to reach areas. For example, it is suitable for joints,
grooves, ...
Critical Point
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as refrigerant.
The refrigerant employed is tetrafluoroethane R134a, which
bo ...
Warning and indicator lamps
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Lit up
Possible cause
Solution
Engine oil level is too low.
Switch off the engine. Check the engine oil level .
Fl ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point