Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Vents
Fig. 128 In the dash panel: vents
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The vents should be left
open to ensure that the vehicle interior is sufficiently heated, ventilated and
cooled.
Turn the relevant thumb wheel (magnified view) in the required ...
Oxygen Sensor Unit Protective Pipes
Note
In addition to using the part number, the protective pipe
can also be used for identification.
Version D1, 6 openings, 3.5 mm each
Only used with the 4-pin oxygen sen ...
Refrigerant Circuit with Restrictor and Reservoir
Arrows point in direction of refrigerant flow.
A-Low pressure side of refrigerant circuit.
B-High pressure side of refrigerant circuit.
Component
Aggregate state of refrigerant
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point