VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
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Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Information stickers and plates
First read and observe the introductory information and safety warningsSafety certificates, stickers and plates showing important vehicle operation information are factory-fitted in the engine compartment and on certain parts such as the tank flap, front passenger sun visor, the driver door ...

Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:  → Seat heating Additional information and warnings: Adjusting the seat position Seat belts Airbag system Child seats (accessories) Exterior mirrors Luggage compartment WARNING Incorrec ...

Corrective Action When Vehicle Pulls to One Side
Test Conditions Before and During the Road Test –  Check all suspension components on front and rear axle for damage. –  Check tire pressure and correct if necessary. –  ...

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