Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Checklist
To ensure your own safety and that of your passengers, observe
the following actions in the specified order :
Stop the vehicle at a safe distance
away from moving traffic and on a suitable surface .
Switch on the hazard warning lights
using the button .
Apply the handbrake ...
Battery with Visual Indicator, Enhanced
This is a maintenance-free battery with liquid electrolyte
(wet battery).
Caution
Do not remove any of the labels on the battery and
do not add distilled water. Only perform a visual
...
Tires, Rolling Noises, General Information
Rolling noise perceived by the human ear is caused by
vibrations transmitted from the noise source to the ear via the
air.
Here we are interested in noises created by certain
characteristics of the tires as well as the effects of rolling ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point