Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Charging Systems not Requiring a Permit
At this time, A/C service units for extracting, cleaning and
filling refrigerant for motor vehicle A/C systems are available
from various manufacturers.
Charging systems not requiring a permit are ones used for
transferring compressed ga ...
Two-Part HS Mixed Filler
Definition:
Two-Part HS Mixed Filler -LGF 810 150 A4-, white
Two-Part HS Mixed Filler -LGF 810 151 A4-, black
Two-Part HS Mixed Filler -LGF 810 152 A4-, red
Two-P ...
Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires and Ultra High Performance Tires
Only trained personnel can perform the assembly work on
run-flat tires and ultra high performance tires.
If equipped check the tire pressure monitoring sensor with
the vehicle diagnostic tester and if necessary replace.
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Pressure and Boiling Point