Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Changing bulbs in the front bumper
Fig. 182 In the front bumper,
right-hand side: removing the cover and headlight
Fig. 183 In the front bumper,
right-hand side: removing the cover and headlight
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
The actions should onl ...
Antenna Wires, Replacing
A new repair concept has been developed for repairing
antenna wires. Refer to
→ Chapter „Antenna Wires, Repairing“.
Instead of a complete antenna wire, connecting wires of
different lengths and various adapter leads are no ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Information stickers and plates
→ Using the vehicle in other countries and continents
→ Radio reception and aerials
→ Volkswagen repair information
→ Declaration of conformity
→ ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point