Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
First aid kit and warning triangle
Fig. 153 In the luggage
compartment: holder for the first aid kit
Fig. 154 In the luggage
compartment. A: Warning triangle under the loading edge, B: Warning triangle in
the vehicle tools
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
First aid kit
A first-ai ...
Changing bulbs in the front bumper
Fig. 182 In the front bumper,
right-hand side: removing the cover and headlight
Fig. 183 In the front bumper,
right-hand side: removing the cover and headlight
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
The actions should onl ...
Recycling and scrapping end-of-life vehicles
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsRecycling end-of-life vehicles
Volkswagen has already made provision for you to recycle your vehicle in an environmentally
responsible manner. The recycling system operating in many European countries will
take back your v ...
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