Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Repair Instructions for the Underbody and Stone Chip Protection
Note
The underbody and stone chip protection structure must be
restored back to its original layer strength and appearance
during a repair.
Water drain holes must remain free.
All threade ...
Windshield and Rear Window Washer System
The following hose connection types are used for connecting
hoses to pumps and spray nozzles or as separating points
–
To loosen the connection, pulling both halves of the
coupling apart.
...
Ashtray in the drink holder
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Fig. 104 Removable ashtray
To use, place the removable ashtray in one of the drink holders in the front
centre console or in the rear centre console .
Opening and closing the ashtray
To open, lift the ashtray cove ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point