VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
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Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Stowage
Fig. 161 In the luggage compartment underneath the floor covering A: Spare wheel and vehicle toolkit without ball coupling, B: Spare wheel and vehicle toolkit with ball coupling, C: Spare wheel and vehicle toolkit without ball coupling First read and observe the introductory information an ...

Wheel cover
Fig. 163 Removing press-on wheel covers Fig. 164 Removing bolted-on wheel covers First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings Removing and fitting press-on wheel covers Take the box spanner and wire hook from the toolkit . Insert the wire hook into o ...

Wires with Cross Section up to 0.35 mm 2, Repairing
Special tools and workshop equipment required Crimping Pliers - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1A- Wiring Harness Repair - Crimping Head - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1-1- When repairing wires with a cross- ...

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