Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual / Refrrigerant R134a Servicing / A/C System, General Information / A/C Technology Basic Principles / Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.

1 -	gaseous (invisible)

2 -

vapor

3 -

fluid

4 -

solid

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.

A -	Heat absorption

B -	Heat emission

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.

A/C Technology Basic Principles

...

Pressure and Boiling Point

The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Refrigerant Circuit Pipes and Hoses
Caution Non-approved tools or materials such as leak sealing additives can cause damage or malfunctions in the system. Only use tools and materials approved by the manufactu ...

Introduction
The purpose of this Repair Manual is to provide foremen and mechanics with the basic knowledge needed to ensure expert working. Note Expert knowledge is achieved by one who has taken part successfully in instructiona ...

Side view
Fig. 1 Overview of the right side of the vehicle Positions ③, ④, ⑤ and ⑤ are also at the same position on the left side of the vehicle. Key for : Tank flap Roof aerial Attachment points for the mounts and roof carrier Door release lever Exterior mirrors Jacking p ...