Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Headlamp Washer System
The following hose connection types are used for connecting
hoses to pumps and spray nozzles or as separating points
–
Disconnect by depressing clip
-1--arrow- and then separating coupling ...
Interior mirror
Fig. 78 Manual anti-dazzle interior mirror
Fig. 79 Automatic anti-dazzle interior
mirror
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The driver must adjust the interior mirror so that they can see clearly through
the rear window.
The driver’s rear view may ...
Original Products
Paint Products in Service
Note
For guarantee and warranty work, Volkswagen AG advises to
use only original Volkswagen products or paint supplier products
that are approved by the manufacturer according to manufacturer
spec ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point