Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Aqua Premium System, Touch-Up System for Two Layer Colors
Edition 04/2013
Product Description/Objective
To achieve an optically flawless color shade transition in
the blended area or adjacent parts, for example fender/door.
Application Instructions
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Changing bulbs in the front headlights (Xenon)
Fig. 181 Rear view of right-hand
Xenon headlight: ① cornering light and ② turn signal
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
The headlight needs to be removed in order to change a bulb.
The actions should only be carried ...
Run-Flat Tire, Overview of a PAX Tire
PAX tires involve specially developed system that exhibits
the following differences in comparison to conventional tires:
Pax Tires with Supporting Ring
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-I- PAX tires with air
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Pressure and Boiling Point