VW Polo manuals

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.
1 -  gaseous (invisible)
2 -  vapor
3 -  fluid
4 -  solid
 

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.
A -  Heat absorption
B -  Heat emission
 

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.
   
A/C Technology Basic Principles
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Pressure and Boiling Point
The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Siemens Wheel Electronics Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor, Removing and Installing
  WARNING If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that particular wheel must be replaced. The Siemens wheel electronics does not have a microencapsulated ...

Crimping Pliers with Insert
The Crimping Pliers without Insert -VAS1978/1- with Crimping Pliers - Insert 2 -VAS1978/2- is a component of the Wiring Harness Repair Set -VAS1978- and is used to crimp the connector during the wiring harness repair.   ...

Frontal collisions and the laws of physics
Fig. 45 Unbelted occupants in a vehicle heading for a brick wall Fig. 46 Unbelted occupants in a vehicle striking a brick wall First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings The physical principles involved in a frontal collision are relatively simple. As soon a ...

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