Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Charge Factor
A vessel must have space for vapor as well as liquid. As the
temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space filled with
vapor decreases. At a certain point, there will only be liquid
in the vessel. Beyond this, even a slight increase in
temperature causes high pressure to build up in the vessel as
the liquid tries to continue expanding even though there is not
enough space for it. The forces that result are strong enough to
rupture the vessel. To prevent a vessel from being overfilled,
the regulations regarding compressed gasses specify how many
kilograms of refrigerant that may be added to a vessel per liter
of interior volume. The product of multiplying this charge
factor by the internal volume of the vessel is the permissible
capacity. The figure for refrigerant used in vehicles is 1.15
kg/liter. |
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Evidence of Leaks
External damage, for example, can cause a leak in the
refrigerant circuit. The small quantity of refrigerant escaping
from minor leaks can be detected for example using an electronic
leak detector or by introducing a leak detection additive into
the refrigerant circuit. Electronic leak detectors are capable
of registering leaks with refrigerant losses of less than 5 g
per year. Use leak detectors designed for the type of
refrigerant. For example, a leak detector for R12 refrigerant
will not work with R134a because R134a refrigerant has no
chlorine atoms so the leak detector will not respond to it. |
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Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid
refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapor and water
vapor mix in any ratio.
Only ...
Refrigerant oil mixes with the refrigerant (about 20 - 40%,
depending on compressor type and amount of refrigerant) and
circulates constantly in the system, lubricati ...
Other materials:
Introduction
The purpose of this Repair Manual is to provide foremen and
mechanics with the basic knowledge needed to ensure expert
working.
Note
Expert knowledge is achieved by one who has taken part
successfully in instructiona ...
Infrared Dryer -VAS6874
Definition:
Infrared Dryer -VAS6874-
Product Description:
The infrared dryer is used to dry paste, filler, base paint,
top coats and clear coats on vertical surfaces using two clock
timers fo ...
Locking or unlocking the driver door manually
Fig. 155 Door handle on driver
door with lock cylinder
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
If locked manually, all doors are locked. If unlocked manually, only the
driver door is unlocked. Observe information on the anti-theft alarm .
Fold the key bi ...
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